C++ Operators C-PLUS-PLUS
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C++ Operators
C++ Operators
Operators are used to performing operations on variables and values.
C++ divides the operators into the following groups:
- Arithmetic operators
- Assignment operators
- Comparison operators
- Logical operators
- Bitwise operators
Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic operators are used to performing common mathematical operations.
| Operator | Name | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| + | Addition | Adds together two values | x + y |
| - | Subtraction | Subtracts one value from another | x - y |
| * | Multiplication | Multiplies two values | x * y |
| / | Division | Divides one value from another | x / y |
| % | Modulus | Returns the division remainder | x % y |
| ++ | Increment | Increases the value of a variable by 1 | ++x |
| -- | Decrement | Decreases the value of a variable by 1 | --x |
Example
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;int main() {
int sum1 = 100 + 50; // 150 (100 + 50)
int sum2 = sum1 + 250; // 400 (150 + 250)
int sum3 = sum2 + sum2; // 800 (400 + 400)
cout << sum1 << "\n";
cout << sum2 << "\n";
cout << sum3;
return 0;
}
Output:
150
400
800
The addition assignment operator (+=) adds a value to a variable:
Example
x += 5;
C++ Assignment Operators
Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables.
In the example below, we use the assignment operator (=) to assign the value 10 to a variable called x:
int x = 10;
The addition assignment operator (+=) adds a value to a variable.
Example
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;int main() {
int x = 10;
x += 5;
cout << x;
return 0;
}
Output:
15
A list of all assignment operators:
| Operator | Example | Same As |
|---|---|---|
| = | x = 5 | x = 5 |
| += | x += 3 | x = x + 3 |
| -= | x -= 3 | x = x - 3 |
| *= | x *= 3 | x = x * 3 |
| /= | x /= 3 | x = x / 3 |
| %= | x %= 3 | x = x % 3 |
| &= | x &= 3 | x = x & 3 |
| |= | x |= 3 | x = x | 3 |
| ^= | x ^= 3 | x = x ^ 3 |
| >>= | x >>= 3 | x = x >> 3 |
| <<= | x <<= 3 | x = x << 3 |
C++ Comparison Operators
Comparison operators are used to compare two values.
Note: The return value is either true (1) or false (0).
| Operator | Name | Example |
|---|---|---|
| == | Equal to | x == y |
| != | Not equal | x != y |
| > | Greater than | x > y |
| < | Less than | x < y |
| >= | Greater than or equal to | x >= y |
| <= | Less than or equal to | x <= y |
Example
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;int main() {
int x = 5;
int y = 3;
cout << (x > y); // returns 1 (true) because 5 is greater than 3
return 0;
}
Output:
1
C++ Logical Operators
Logical operators are used to determine the logic between variables or values:
| Operator | Name | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| && | Logical and | Returns true if both statements are true | x < 5 && x < 10 |
| || | Logical or | Returns true if one of the statements is true | x < 5 || x < 4 |
| ! | Logical not | Reverse the result, returns false if the result is true | !(x < 5 && x < 10) |
Example
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;int main() {
int x = 5;
int y = 3;
cout << (x > 3 && x < 10); // returns true (1) because 5 is greater than 3 AND 5 is less than 10
return 0;
}
Output:
1
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